The Politics Of A Congressional Campaign - 725 Words

This quote reminds me of the patronage system, where jobs and promotions are awarded for political reasons rather than for merit or competence. In this system, working in a congressional campaign, making large donations, and having the right connections helped citizens secure jobs with the government. Members of large corporations and wealthy donors donate thousands of dollars to be granted some fancy title on the ALEC hierarchy. By using their high socioeconomic status, these workers of major and wealthy corporations are attempting to exert their influence on the processes ALEC takes part in. These corporate members and wealthy sponsors are literally buying their influence. And for what? A title? I am unsure as to what these â€Å"chairman level† sponsors even contribute to ALEC’s legislative process. Do these corporate representatives buy these titles to have an influence, or just to say that their corporation is involved in ALEC and stands firmly on the economic prin ciples ALEC represents? 2. â€Å"The speaker from PhRMA quotes both Obama and Mitt Romney on the importance of innovation, then looks up at the ballroom. ‘ALEC members,’ he says, ‘have shown that they get it’†(4). This quote interested me. I found it very interesting how a speaker at one of the ALEC conventions quoted both Barack Obama and Mitt Romney, in front of a room composed more-so of conservative state legislators and private sector representatives. As of the writing of this article, out of the 101 ALEC alumniShow MoreRelatedOne Of The Most Prominent Issues Facing The Current United1655 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most prominent issues facing the current United States Congressional system is the lack of term limits for Congress members. The lack of limitation creates a system of career politicians that maintain many of the same legislative ideas or principles in Congress for many years, making it hard for changes in legislature to occur. With an aging congress population, many constituents feel out of touch with their representation and the system of seniority in place today allows for little chanceRead MoreA Comprehensive Assessment Of Economic Inequality And Political Power1411 W ords   |  6 Pagesa particular society. The author points out that when the inequalities in the political influence intensify, democracy shifts into oligarchy, whereby the wealthy few rule the society. According to a recent research, close to 44 percent of the Congressional members are millionaires. Besides, the salaries alone that are received by this top brass of individuals are sufficient to place them among the top earners in the American income distribution. The author argues that one of the reasons that theRead MoreAmerican Politics And The United States Congress Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesOver the last several decades, American politics scholars have sought to understand the causes of increasing partisanship and polarization in the United States Congress. Since the 1970s, the ideological positions of the two major U.S. parties, the Democratic and Republican parties, have widened (Abramowitz and Saunders, 2008; Levendusky; 2010). This ideological divide also promotes a perception among the American public that Congress has increasingly become ineffective and polarized to a pointRead MoreSpanish-Spoken Political Election Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Johnston POSC 335 Term Paper Fall 2017 Professor Grose Introduction For my novel experiment relating to campaigns and elections, I have decided to conduct an experiment to test the effects of spanish-spoken political campaign advertisements on self-identified Hispanic and Latino citizens. Research has shown that Hispanic participation in elections lÐ °gs behind that of non-HispÐ °nic groups in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, In 2008, 54 percent of HispÐ °nic citizens registeredRead MoreResponsibility Project1080 Words   |  4 Pagescalled RP Roundtable: Civility Politics was viewed on the Responsibility Project website. 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To run for congress one must be at least 25 years old and must have been at least a US citizens for at least seven years, and sometimes convicted felons have been able to successfully run for congress and some have won a seat. On the other hand, to run for president one must be at least 35 years old, must be a natural born citizen, and have beenRead MoreCampaign Finance Reform Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesCampaign Finance Reform The Democratic and Republican presidential nominees for 1999 raised an astounding 126 million to finance their campaigns in the primaries (Godfrey). The U.S. national political parties raised a record 107.2 million dollars in soft money contributions in 1999 (Campaign Finance Reform). During the 1995-96 elections, public citizens estimated that an astounding 150 million dollars was spent on phony issue ads designed to support or oppose congressional and presidentialRead MoreFurnifold Mclendel Simmons Case Study Answers1726 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization that he became known as he Simmons Machine (Christensen 37). Simmons was so powerful in fact he played key roles in the campaigns of Aycock, Glenn, and later Gardner; but people would not vote for Gardner until they knew he was at peace with Simmons (Christensen 38). Simmons knew how to get the people’s votes, he knew that by referencing the Bible throughout campaigns he could influence people sway to vote for whomever Si mmons was campaigning for at the time. With Simmons on the front-line North

The Day Canada Became a Nation Essay - 1963 Words

In World War I, the victory of the Allies was caused by the turning point of a stalemate on the Western Front of the Battle of Vimy Ridge. It was â€Å"the Canadians willingness to forgo nationalism in the interests of efficiency and effectiveness that marked a new† (Dickson 40) transition of the ending of war. Through the second battle of Ypres, the Battle of Aras, and observing the previous bloodbath at the Battle of The Somme, the Canadian Expeditionary Force (C.E.F) perfected their defense tactics and techniques to fight in the evolutionary battle that made Canada a nation. When Great Britain declared war on Germany in 1914, the Dominion of Canada was automatically motivated to mobilize. Nationalism and determination got Prime†¦show more content†¦The entire shipment of 22,000 shovels which had cost the government over $29,000 was sold off as scrap in 1917 for $1,400. 2 Other weaponry included colt machine guns and even Canadian made boots, â€Å"†¦many of which fell apart in the rain of Salisbury Plain, were all criticized and eventually replaced with British issue† (Dickson 35). The C.E.F battle tactics were renewed and artillery was adopted throughout the course of 1914 to 1916, bringing success to the Battle of Vimy Ridge. On 22 April 1915 the second Battle of Ypres established the reputation of the Canadians’ being a fighting force. This was created through the Ypres Salient, which is where the British and allied line pushed into the German line in a concave bend. The Germans held the higher ground and were able to fire into the allied trenches from the north, the south and the east, but the Allies prearranged defense strategies: On the Canadian right was the British Expeditionary Force, and on their left was the 48th Algerian and 87th Territoral French, which were militia regiment enlisted into service a French division.3 On April 22 the Germans sought to remove the Salient by introducing a new weapon of modern warfare- poison gas. Following an intensive artillery bombardment, they released 160 tons of chlorine gas from cylinders dug into the forward edge of their trenches into a light northeast wind.4 â€Å"As thick clouds of yellow-green chlorine drifted over their trenches the FrenchShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Establishment of the United Nations Emergency Force705 Words   |  3 PagesIt was on the 4th of November , 1956 that 57 UN states voted in favor of Lester Pearson’s idea of establishing a large scale peacekeeping force. 1 This large scale peacekeeping force would be known as the United Nations Emergency Force ( UNEF) and would be responsible to securing an end to the Suez Crisis. The idea was for the British,French and Israeli forces to withdraw from the canal and the UNEF would remain in the canal area stabilizing the situation. 2 The UNEF was responsible for lookingRead MoreLester B. Pearson s Greatest Prime Minister1194 Words   |  5 Pageshelped Canada become recognizable in the world. 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Formal and Non Formal Education Free Essays

CHAPTER 2 Page 28 4. |City |Frequency |Relative |Or Relative Frequency | | | |Frequency |(%) | |Indianapolis |100 |0. 050 |5. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal and Non Formal Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 | |St. Louis |450 |0. 225 |22. 5 | |Chicago |1300 |0. 650 |65. 0 | |Milwaukee |150 |0. 075 |7. 5 | |Total |2000 |1. 000 |100. | 5. a. A frequency table. b. [pic] c. |Â   |Frequencies |Relative Frequencies (%) | |White |130 |10. 0 | |Black |104 |8. 0 | |Lime |325 |25. 0 | |Orange |455 |35. 0 | |Red |296 |22. 0 | |Total |1300 |Â  100. | [pic] d. 350,000 orange; 250,000 lime; 220,000 red; 100,000 white, and 80,000 black, found by multiplying relative frequency by 1,000,000 production. Page 35 10. a. 25 = 32, 26 = 64 53 suggests 6 classes. b. [pic]Use interval of 15 and start first class at 40. 12. a. 24 = 16, 25 = 32 n = 20, suggest 5 classes b. [pic]Use interval of 10. c. 50 d. fRelative frequency 50 up to 6040. 20 60 up to 7050. 25 70 up to 8060. 30 80 up to 9020. 10 90 up to 10030. 15 Total201. 00 e. The fewest number is about 50, the highest about 100. The greatest concentration is in classes 60 up to 70 and 70 up to 80. Page 41 15. The following table is for 7th edition part (b) only |Class |Mid Points x |Frequency |cum. Freq |Relative |fx | | | | | |Frequencies | | |0 – 5 |2. 5 |5 |5 |0. 05 |12. 5 | |5-10 |7. 5 |13 |18 |0. 13 |97. | |10-15 |12. 5 |28 |46 |0. 28 |350. 0 | |15-20 |17. 5 |23 |69 |0. 23 |402. 5 | | 20-25 |22. 5 |18 |87 |0. 18 |405. 0 | |25-30 |27. 5 |10 |97 |0. 1 |275. 0 | |30-35 |32. 5 |3 |100 |0. 3 |97. 5 | |Â   |Total |100 |Â   |1. 00 |1640. 0 | a. Histogram b. 100 (8th edition) c. 5 d. 28 e. 0. 28 f. 12. 5 g. 13 16. a. 3 b. about 26 or 27 c. 2 d. frequency polygon 17. a. 50 b. 1. 5 thousands of miles c. d. X = 1. 5, Y = 5 e. [pic] f. For the 50 employees about half earn between 6 and 9 thousand frequent flier miles. Five earn less than 3 thousand frequent flier miles, and two earn more than 12 thousand frequent flier miles. Page 45 20. a. 200 b. b. about 50 or $50,000 . c. about $180,000 d. about $240,00 0 e. about = 110 – 50 or 60 homes f. about 130 homes 22. a. Les than 10 days = 6 + 7 = 13 Less than 15 days = 6 + 7 + 12 = 25 b. Lead TimefCF 0 up to 566 5 up to 10713 10 up to 151225 15 up to 20833 20 up to 25740 c. d. 14 CHAPTER EXERCISES Page 46 26. a. The scale is ordinal and the variable is qualitative. b. |Performance |Frequency | |Early |22 | |On-time |67 | |Late |9 | |Lost |2 | . |Performance |Relative Frequency | |Early |. 22 | |On-time |. 67 | |Late |. 09 | |Lost |. 02 | d. [pic] e. [pic] f. 89% of the packages are either early or on-time and 2% of the packages are lost. So they are missing both of their objectives. They must eliminate all lost packages and reduce the late percentage to below 1%. ———————– [pic] How to cite Formal and Non Formal Education, Essay examples

Aircraft Communication System free essay sample

A technical study of ACARS Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System. This paper describes how this system allows aircrafts to communicate and report to the ground and vice versa. It explains the processes involved, the transmitting of data on VHF frequencies that can be received and decoded. It is a digital data system in VHF (Aviation). It makes it possible for aviation companies to communicate and track the planes of their fleet. The Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) maintains a huge worldwide VHF and HF voice network to provide operational radio communications for the aircraft industry. ACAR was designed and developed in the early eighties. It was produced to reduce the flight crews workload by using modern computer technology to exchange many routine reports and messages. ACARS uses the AM mode because the same airborne VHF radio is often also used for voice communications. Burst transmissions are used with a limit of 220 characters per message. We will write a custom essay sample on Aircraft Communication System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Transmissions often last less than one second.

Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson Essay Example

Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson Essay Andrew Jackson is often characterized as a man of the people, and his era is described as that of the common man. During the course of this hearing, we will focus on the question, How democratic was Andrew Jackson? The House of Representatives must decide whether Jackson’s actions call for an impeachment vote.The hearing will consider six major issues that were central to Jackson’s administration. ISSUES/IMPEACHMENT COUNTS: 1. EXTENDING POWER to the COMMON MAN Was Jacksons influence in changing the voting requirements and holding public office democratic? 2. U. S. BANK Was Jackson’s destruction of the national bank democratic? 3. SPOILS SYSTEM Was the use of the Spoils System democratic? 4. INDIAN REMOVAL Was Jackson’s policy of Indian Removal democratic? 5. SLAVERY Were Jackson’s actions regarding slavery democratic? 6.PEGGY EATON AFFAIR Was Jackson’s support of Peggy Eaton in the best interest of American democracy? GRADING CRITERIA: 1. Quality of the oral presentation (ie: introductory statement, central idea development, use of specific evidence in the argument to support your point of view, conclusion, clarity of ideas, mechanics, and ability to persuade the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ) 2. Creative participation in your assigned role. (ie: execution of your opening statement, ability to answer questions in your testimony, asking good questions in the cross examination, remaining true to your character’s point of view. 3. Historical accuracy of both your oral and written presentations. ROLE IN THE TRIAL Your assignment will consist of two parts: one oral (based on your presentation during the trial) and one written (in the form of an analytic essay due _____________ ) You will be acting as either a WITNESS called to the stand to testify in behalf of or against President Jackson or a member of the PUBLIC GALLERY who has specific questions for a witness. Each student must take on the point of view of his/her character in the hearing. REQUIREMENTS (Organization)You must prepare a well organized, persuasive, analytical statement in the voice of your assigned character which either passionately supports or is against President Jackson’s impeachment. Your presentation should address each of the following: Introduction = introduce your character and take a clear position on your issue (central idea statement/thesis). Also, provide enough background information to make the issue/impeachment count understandable to the court’s gallery and characterize President Jackson’s actions as either democratic or undemocratic.Body = use specific evidence from your research to support your characters point of view on your assigned issue facing President Andrew Jackson. You should have at least two major arguments perhaps three to support your point of view. Be sure to carefully explain each with examples. Conclusion = Restate your central idea and then specifically describe your character’s assessment of Jackson’s behavior. Was he democratic? Should he be impeached? REQUIREMENTS (ORAL) WITNESSES: 1. You must prepare an opening statement to include a: a. brief introduction of your character b. lear statement of your position including the reasons for your views 2. Be prepared to answer questions by the public gallery as accurately and completely as possible. 3. Presentations should be three-five minutes in length PUBLIC GALLERY MEMBERS: 1. Introduce yourself to the hearing by giving a: a. brief introduction of your character b. clear statement of your position including the reasons for your views 2. Prepare two questions: one for the witness who supports your character’s point of view and one for the witness who opposes your point of view. Be ready to pose these questions during the trial.Trial Roles Issue One: Voting Rights witness #1 : Ernie P. Tattle (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Cedric T. Ashcroft (Anti Jackson) public gallery member #1: Jerry James Huckster (Pro Jackson) public gallery member #2: Kathleen Jefferson (Anti-Jackson) Issue Two: Re-chartering of the United States Bank witness #1: Jack Q. Daniels (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Nicolas Biddle (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Elmer Smith (Pro-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Alexander Hamilton III (Anti-Jackson) Issue Three:Spoils System witness #1: Jim Bob Cornblower (Pro-Jackson) itness #2: John Quincy Adams (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Billy Joe Jackson (Pro-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Huntley H. Williams (Anti-Jackson) Issue Four:Indian Removal witness #1: Jason B. Landowner (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: John Ross (Chief of the Cherokee Indians) (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Chief Cayuga (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Marlboro Cowboy Lee (Pro-Jackson) Issue Five:Slavery witness #1: Henry Clay (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Jake Turner (Anti-Jackson) public gallery members #1: Harriet Parker (Anti-Jackson) ublic gallery member #3: Rhett Tobacco Butler (Pro-Jackson) Issue Six:Peggy Eaton Affair witness #1: Peggy Eaton (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Floride Calhoun (Anti-Jackson) public g allery member #1: Katherine Baldwin (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Steven J. Eaton (Pro-Jackson) Role Descriptions Issue One: Voting Rights – After the controversial election of 1824, issues related to who can vote and who should govern reached its height. Traditionalists wanted to protect the USA by keeping republicanism (cautious democracy). While others wanted to extend democracy to the people. itness #1 : Ernie P. Tattle (Pro-Jackson) Ernie is a long time Georgia resident. He has rented and worked twenty acres of good farmland adjacent to the Cherokees for the last ten years. He has worked hard all his life and has done a fine job of supporting his family. However, he does not make very much money after he pays all of his expenses. He would like to purchase this land and the local bank has indicated that it would give him a loan to do so. He feels that America is being built on the sweat of Americans just like him. There is no reason that he should not have a sa y in the workings of his government.He sees Andrew Jackson as a champion of the common man and he puts himself in this category. witness #2: Cedric T. Ashcroft (Anti Jackson) Mr. Ashcroft is a prominent entrepreneur who was sent to boarding school because the schooling in Tennessee was not up to his family’s standards. He is a graduate of Harvard College and was given a good start by his father, who was president of the First Bank of Nashville. Mr. Cedric T. Ashcroft believes in getting a good days work from his employees and does not believe in letting them participate in any decision making within the factory.These views extend to government as well. He is a card holding member of the exclusive Young President’s Club and thinks Andrew Jackson is a threat to the American way. public gallery member #1: Jerry James Huckster (Pro Jackson) He too is from the state of Tennessee, but from Clarion, a small town southwest of Nashville. He comes from modest beginnings, but is currently employed by the Clarion Bugle as a staff writer. He once heard Andrew Jackson speak at a political rally when he was running for the Senate and from that day on, he was an avid supporter of Andrew Jackson.He even urged many of his friends to vote for him. He wrote articles very favorable to Jackson no matter what the story was. He also wrote a lovely obituary for Jackson’s wife Rachel Donelson Jackson. public gallery member #2: Kathleen Jefferson (Anti-Jackson) As a second cousin to Thomas Jefferson, Kathleen’s loyalty to her home state of Virginia is stronger than her allegiance the USA. Considered part of the gentry, she doesn’t understand why Jackson wants to change America’s democratic system. In disagreement with her cousin, she believes the founding fathers were right to distrust the masses.They created the government and deserve the respect of all Americans. Why change the system? She believes it is working just fine and that Jackson shou ldn’t rock the boat. Issue Two: United States Bank -Jackson called the Bank of the United States the moneyed monster. As a result of his dislike for monopolistic banks, he vetoed the re-charter of America’s national bank. witness #1: Jack Q. Daniels (Pro-Jackson) This middle class farmer from western Kentucky needs to borrow money on a yearly basis.Like most farmers, he goes into debt in the late spring as he borrows money for his seed and tools. At harvest time, he pays back his local bank and saves the rest for himself. He wants a bank close to home and distrusts the ways of Eastern financiers. He sees them as money grabbing elitists who do nothing and make money off the working men and women. He’s tired of the rich getting richer. witness #2: Nicolas Biddle (Anti-Jackson) He once boasted that on any given day he had much more power than the President of the United States. He was not exaggerating!He ran the National Bank and was considered a very capable admi nistrator/banker by most people. However, his control over the bank was nearly absolute and he guarded this power steadfastly. He believed, as did Alexander Hamilton, that without the National Bank the economy of the nation would plunge into chaos. This stability was in the best interest of all Americans, even those too stupid or ignorant to understand. He despised Jackson. public gallery member #1: Elmer Smith (Pro-Jackson) Mr. Smith is considered by some to be a poor, white farmer. Yet in his own dreams he is far grander than this.After purchasing his first acre of land in western Kentucky, his goal to move up the social and economic hierarchy is becoming a reality. He hopes to increase his land holding and to someday become a plantation owner like those established in the South. He is so thankful to the Kentucky state bank for their help in bringing him one step closer to his dreams. The bank’s continued support is essential for him to realize the rest of his lofty goals. public gallery member #2: Alexander Hamilton III (Anti-Jackson) Alexander, like his famous Great Uncle, has been labeled something like a financial mastermind.He sees America’s economic future as resting on this young country’s ability to continue building an effective line of credit. He wants the US to continue building a favorable balance of trade, by increasing the country’s exports. He believes our future lies in becoming a world power. Issue Three:Spoils System Andrew Jackson’s decision to rotate government jobs to political supporters. witness #1: Jim Bob Cornblower (Pro-Jackson) This man ran Andrew Jackson’s Tennessee presidential campaign. He was very successful in getting the vote out for his man.For his efforts, Jim Bob feels entitled to a government post. Not only does he feel qualified for the job, his loyalty to Jackson will help the President do the people’s will. He is a team player and will not try to block the Presidentâ₠¬â„¢s actions. witness #2: John Quincy Adams (Anti-Jackson) The sixth US President, lost to Jackson in the 1828 election. Portrayed during the campaign as an over educated aristocrat, he has difficulty relating to the simplicity of the common man. A man of genius, he felt that government jobs should go to the highly educated and intelligent people of the land.At fourteen he served as the secretary to the American Ambassador in Russia. His administration made only a few changes in personnel. In Adam’s opinion, government jobs were not political footballs; they were too important to be used as rewards. public gallery member #1: Billy Joe Jackson (Pro-Jackson) Although Billy Joe has no real political experience, he is an established leader of his hometown outside of Nashville, Tennessee as the Mayor. A farmer by vocation who also raises horses, Billy Joe believes the common man’s hard work has built the foundation of America.His home is near the Hermitage, Andrew Jacksonà ¢â‚¬â„¢s home, and the two have conferred on local issues many times in the past. Jackson thinks Billy Joe’s upstanding citizenship prepares him well for a cabinet position and considers him a kind of guy who can get things done. public gallery member #2: Huntley H. Williams (Anti-Jackson) Like John Quincy Adams, Mr. Williams comes from a well established American family. His relatives came to the new world on the Mayflower. This personal history, as well as an impeccable record as a lawyer in Freeport, Maine, gave Huntley a voice people listen to.His higher education, which centered on the Classics at the University of Virginia, taught him the importance of education and the ability to analyze issues. His studies led him to join the Federalist Party following in line of his idol, Alexander Hamilton. Issue Four:Indian Removal Andrew Jackson’s decision to defy the Supreme Court decision to protect the Cherokee nation’s land in Georgia. witness #1: Jason B. Land owner (Pro-Jackson) As a representative to the Georgia State Legislature, Mr. Landowner supports Jackson’s position to remove the Eastern tribes from lands east of the Mississippi.As a land speculator, he has purchased the option to own several thousand acres of now Indian controlled land. His opinion of the Native Americans can be summed up by the phrase child-like savages. He feels that the majority of the voting population in Georgia wants to remove the Indians; he is correct in this assumption. He also feels that John Marshall’s (the Supreme Court’s) decision concerning the Cherokee nation contradicts the doctrine of states’ rights. witness #2: John Ross (Chief of the Cherokee Indians) (Anti-Jackson) He is an educated, well read individual who lives in a comfortable wood frame house.His wife is 100% Scotch-Irish and his family is bilingual speaking both English and the language of the Cherokee. His people live on lands which their ancestors have cont rolled for countless generations. Although the Cherokee nation remembers its roots, they have become Americanized in many ways, most notably in the area of agriculture and farming. Ross was wealthy and owned slaves. He was never allowed to vote because of his background. public gallery member #1: Chief Cayuga (Anti-Jackson) As the chief of the mid-western Indian tribe, Cayuga led his people with valor.Although the land his people lived on is not in jeopardy, he is concerned about the precedent being set against Native Americans. public gallery member #2: Marlboro Cowboy Lee (Pro-Jackson) Marlboro is the classic example of a new American. He is tough, self-made, independent, and strong spirited. He was born into poverty and turned his misfortune into motivation. While he lived on the Atlantic seaboard, he admired Georgian land before relocating to Montana. He is a cattle rancher who invested all of his savings and the rites to his future in cattle. Land is his gold.He clearly believe s American land belongs to Americans and will fight to protect these interests. Issue Five:Slavery Jackson never fully supported the slave system, but he never really did anything to discontinue its growth or its importance to the economy of the South. By maintaining early policy decisions, he hoped to put this volatile issue on the back burner to be dealt with during an easier time. witness #1: Henry Clay (Pro-Jackson) This southerner would do anything to keep the Union from dividing. He became known as the great compromiser and personally was responsible for the Missouri Compromise of the 1820s.He argued that the federal government could not deny people the right to own slaves, only the states could do this. He also argued that the majority of the people supported slavery and therefore the institution should not be outlawed. witness #2: Jake Turner (Anti-Jackson) His cousin Nat Turner led a large slave uprising in 1831 in South Carolina. He was part of the rebellion and managed t o escape to the North. He knew first hand the personal evils and hardships of slavery. All he wants is for the nation to live up to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence: to fulfill the goal of creating all men as equals. ublic gallery members #1: Harriet Parker (Anti-Jackson) Harriet has never met Mr. Turner or Mr. Great Compromiser Clay, but feels qualified to express her opinion to the court. As a former slave in the state of North Carolina, Harriet gained her freedom after the accidental death of her master and his wife. By the will of their owners, she was granted her greatest wish since her grandparents were taken from their homeland of Guinea. She prays to the Savior to make men like Andrew Jackson suffer due to their non-Christian beliefs which enslave human beings. public gallery member #3: Rhett Tobacco Butler (Pro-Jackson)Mr. Butler has become one of the wealthiest tobacco farmers in Georgia. He is known throughout Atlanta as the toughest and smartest business man in the South. Mr. Butler does not see how his investment in slave labor is any different than investing in one of America’s growing joint stock companies. An investment is an investment. Also, he doesn’t see what the big deal is; his slaves lead secured lives with plenty of food, shelter, and camaraderie. In his opinion, they live better than most Americans! Issue Six:Peggy Eaton Affair This incident threatened Jackson’s political future.By outwardly supporting Mrs. Eaton, Jackson ostracized the social elite and threatened the social order. His Vice President, John Calhoun, resigned from his position, in part due to this controversy. witness #1: Peggy Eaton (Pro-Jackson) A daughter of Washington tavern owner, she married the Secretary of War John Eaton. She was not allowed at many Washington social functions because of her background. witness #2: Floride Calhoun (Anti-Jackson) Floride is the wife of John C. Calhoun, Senator from South Carolina. She refused to be seen in public or private with women of low social standing.She is a southern belle and was raised in a very wealthy family. She thinks Peggy Eaton is deplorable. public gallery member #1: Katherine Baldwin (Anti-Jackson) Miss Baldwin is a member of Boston’s young social elite. She is currently taking courses appropriate for young women her age and in her position in life. After being presented at her Cotillion, this debutante became the dream of many upstanding young men in her community. She cannot believe that the President of the United States would support such an unworthy, classless woman like Peggy Eaton. She is disgusted. ublic gallery member #2: Steven J. Eaton (Pro-Jackson) The brother of John Eaton, Secretary of War in Jackson’s Cabinet, and sister-in-law to Peggy, is overwhelmed by the publicity surrounding the President and his family. He is shocked that people have reacted in the emotional fashion exhibited is certain social circles around the country. He sees Peggy as the true definition of the American dream; a real rags to riches story. Her honorable current lifestyle not only is appropriate for a politician’s wife in his opinion, but actually a role model to young women around the nation. Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson Essay Example Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson Essay Andrew Jackson is often characterized as a man of the people, and his era is described as that of the common man. During the course of this hearing, we will focus on the question, â€Å"How democratic was Andrew Jackson? † The House of Representatives must decide whether Jackson’s actions call for an impeachment vote. The hearing will consider six major issues that were central to Jackson’s administration. ISSUES/IMPEACHMENT COUNTS: 1. EXTENDING POWER to the COMMON MAN Was Jacksons influence in changing the voting requirements and holding public office democratic? 2. U. S. BANK Was Jackson’s destruction of the national bank democratic? 3. SPOILS SYSTEM Was the use of the Spoils System democratic? 4. INDIAN REMOVAL Was Jackson’s policy of Indian Removal democratic? 5. SLAVERY Were Jackson’s actions regarding slavery democratic? 6. PEGGY EATON AFFAIR Was Jackson’s support of Peggy Eaton in the best interest of American democracy? GRADING CRITERIA: 1. Quality of the oral presentation (ie: introductory statement, central idea development, use of specific evidence in the argument to support your point of view, conclusion, clarity of ideas, mechanics, and ability to persuade the audience. ) 2. Creative participation in your assigned role. (ie: execution of your opening statement, ability to answer questions in your testimony, asking good questions in the cross examination, remaining true to your character’s point of view. 3. Historical accuracy of both your oral and written presentations. ROLE IN THE TRIAL Your assignment will consist of two parts: one oral (based on your presentation during the trial) and one written (in the form of an analytic essay due _____________ ) You will be acting as either a WITNESS called to the stand to testify in behalf of or against President Jackson or a member of the PUBLIC GALLERY who has specific questions for a witness. Each student must take on the point of view of his/her character in the hearing. REQUIREMENTS (Organization) We will write a custom essay sample on Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Impeachment Trial of Andrew Jackson specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer You must prepare a well organized, persuasive, analytical statement in the voice of your assigned character which either passionately supports or is against President Jackson’s impeachment. Your presentation should address each of the following: Introduction = introduce your character and take a clear position on your issue (central idea statement/thesis). Also, provide enough background information to make the issue/impeachment count understandable to the court’s gallery and characterize President Jackson’s actions as either democratic or undemocratic. Body = use specific evidence from your research to support your characters point of view on your assigned issue facing President Andrew Jackson. You should have at least two major arguments perhaps three to support your point of view. Be sure to carefully explain each with examples. Conclusion = Restate your central idea and then specifically describe your character’s assessment of Jackson’s behavior. Was he democratic? Should he be impeached? REQUIREMENTS (ORAL) WITNESSES: 1. You must prepare an opening statement to include a: a. brief introduction of your character b. lear statement of your position including the reasons for your views 2. Be prepared to answer questions by the public gallery as accurately and completely as possible. 3. Presentations should be three-five minutes in length PUBLIC GALLERY MEMBERS: 1. Introduce yourself to the hearing by giving a: a. brief introduction of your character b. clear statement of your position including the reasons for your vi ews 2. Prepare two questions: one for the witness who supports your character’s point of view and one for the witness who opposes your point of view. Be ready to pose these questions during the trial. Trial Roles Issue One: Voting Rights witness #1 : Ernie P. Tattle (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Cedric T. Ashcroft (Anti Jackson) public gallery member #1: Jerry James Huckster (Pro Jackson) public gallery member #2: Kathleen Jefferson (Anti-Jackson) Issue Two: Re-chartering of the United States Bank witness #1: Jack Q. Daniels (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Nicolas Biddle (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Elmer Smith (Pro-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Alexander Hamilton III (Anti-Jackson) Issue Three:Spoils System witness #1: Jim Bob Cornblower (Pro-Jackson) itness #2: John Quincy Adams (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Billy Joe Jackson (Pro-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Huntley H. Williams (Anti-Jackson) Issue Four:Indian Removal witness #1: Jason B. Landowner (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: John Ross (Chief of the Cherokee Indians) (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Chief Cayuga (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Marlboro â€Å"Cowboy† Lee (Pro-Jackson ) Issue Five:Slavery witness #1: Henry Clay (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Jake Turner (Anti-Jackson) public gallery members #1: Harriet Parker (Anti-Jackson) ublic gallery member #3: Rhett â€Å"Tobacco† Butler (Pro-Jackson) Issue Six:Peggy Eaton Affair witness #1: Peggy Eaton (Pro-Jackson) witness #2: Floride Calhoun (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #1: Katherine Baldwin (Anti-Jackson) public gallery member #2: Steven J. Eaton (Pro-Jackson) Role Descriptions Issue One: Voting Rights – After the controversial election of 1824, issues related to who can vote and who should govern reached its height. Traditionalists wanted to protect the USA by keeping republicanism (cautious democracy). While others wanted to extend democracy to the people. itness #1 : Ernie P. Tattle (Pro-Jackson) Ernie is a long time Georgia resident. He has rented and worked twenty acres of good farmland adjacent to the Cherokees for the last ten years. He has worked hard all his life and has done a fine job of supporting his family. However, he does not make very much money after he pays all of his expenses. He would like to purchase this land and the local bank has indicated that it would give him a loan to do so. He feels that America is being built on the sweat of Americans just like him. There is no reason that he should not have a say in the workings of his government. He sees Andrew Jackson as a champion of the common man and he puts himself in this category. witness #2: Cedric T. Ashcroft (Anti Jackson) Mr. Ashcroft is a prominent entrepreneur who was sent to boarding school because the schooling in Tennessee was not up to his family’s standards. He is a graduate of Harvard College and was given a good start by his father, who was president of the First Bank of Nashville. Mr. Cedric T. Ashcroft believes in getting a good days work from his employees and does not believe in letting them participate in any decision making within the factory. These views extend to government as well. He is a card holding member of the exclusive Young President’s Club and thinks Andrew Jackson is a threat to the American way. public gallery member #1: Jerry James Huckster (Pro Jackson) He too is from the state of Tennessee, but from Clarion, a small town southwest of Nashville. He comes from modest beginnings, but is currently employed by the Clarion Bugle as a staff writer. He once heard Andrew Jackson speak at a political rally when he was running for the Senate and from that day on, he was an avid supporter of Andrew Jackson. He even urged many of his friends to vote for him. He wrote articles very favorable to Jackson no matter what the story was. He also wrote a lovely obituary for Jackson’s wife Rachel Donelson Jackson. public gallery member #2: Kathleen Jefferson (Anti-Jackson) As a second cousin to Thomas Jefferson, Kathleen’s loyalty to her home state of Virginia is stronger than her allegiance the USA. Considered part of the gentry, she doesn’t understand why Jackson wants to change America’s democratic system. In disagreement with her cousin, she believes the founding fathers were right to distrust the masses. They created the government and deserve the respect of all Americans. Why change the system? She believes it is working just fine and that Jackson shouldn’t rock the boat. Issue Two: United States Bank -Jackson called the Bank of the United States the â€Å"moneyed monster. † As a result of his dislike for monopolistic banks, he vetoed the re-charter of America’s national bank. witness #1: Jack Q. Daniels (Pro-Jackson) This middle class farmer from western Kentucky needs to borrow money on a yearly basis. Like most farmers, he goes into debt in the late spring as he borrows money for his seed and tools. At harvest time, he pays back his local bank and saves the rest for himself. He wants a bank close to home and distrusts the ways of Eastern financiers. He sees them as money grabbing elitists who do nothing and make money off the working men and women. He’s tired of the rich getting richer. witness #2: Nicolas Biddle (Anti-Jackson) He once boasted that on any given day he had much more power than the President of the United States. He was not exaggerating! He ran the National Bank and was considered a very capable administrator/banker by most people. However, his control over the bank was nearly absolute and he guarded this power steadfastly. He believed, as did Alexander Hamilton, that without the National Bank the economy of the nation would plunge into chaos. This stability was in the best interest of all Americans, even those too stupid or ignorant to understand. He despised Jackson. public gallery member #1: Elmer Smith (Pro-Jackson) Mr. Smith is considered by some to be a poor, white farmer. Yet in his own dreams he is far grander than this. After purchasing his first acre of land in western Kentucky, his goal to move up the social and economic hierarchy is becoming a reality. He hopes to increase his land holding and to someday become a plantation owner like those established in the South. He is so thankful to the Kentucky state bank for their help in bringing him one step closer to his dreams. The bank’s continued support is essential for him to realize the rest of his lofty goals. public gallery member #2: Alexander Hamilton III (Anti-Jackson) Alexander, like his famous Great Uncle, has been labeled something like a financial mastermind. He sees America’s economic future as resting on this young country’s ability to continue building an effective line of credit. He wants the US to continue building a favorable balance of trade, by increasing the country’s exports. He believes our future lies in becoming a world power. Issue Three:Spoils System Andrew Jackson’s decision to rotate government jobs to political supporters. witness #1: Jim Bob Cornblower (Pro-Jackson) This man ran Andrew Jackson’s Tennessee presidential campaign. He was very successful in getting the vote out for his man. For his efforts, Jim Bob feels entitled to a government post. Not only does he feel qualified for the job, his loyalty to Jackson will help the President do the people’s will. He is a â€Å"team player† and will not try to block the President’s actions. witness #2: John Quincy Adams (Anti-Jackson) The sixth US President, lost to Jackson in the 1828 election. Portrayed during the campaign as an over educated aristocrat, he has difficulty relating to the simplicity of the common man. A man of genius, he felt that government jobs should go to the highly educated and intelligent people of the land. At fourteen he served as the secretary to the American Ambassador in Russia. His administration made only a few changes in personnel. In Adam’s opinion, government jobs were not political footballs; they were too important to be used as rewards. public gallery member #1: Billy Joe Jackson (Pro-Jackson) Although Billy Joe has no real political experience, he is an established leader of his hometown outside of Nashville, Tennessee as the Mayor. A farmer by vocation who also raises horses, Billy Joe believes the common man’s hard work has built the foundation of America. His home is near the Hermitage, Andrew Jackson’s home, and the two have conferred on local issues many times in the past. Jackson thinks Billy Joe’s upstanding citizenship prepares him well for a cabinet position and considers him a kind of guy who can â€Å"get things done. † public gallery member #2: Huntley H. Williams (Anti-Jackson) Like John Quincy Adams, Mr. Williams comes from a well established American family. His relatives came to the new world on the Mayflower. This personal history, as well as an impeccable record as a lawyer in Freeport, Maine, gave Huntley a voice people listen to. His higher education, which centered on the Classics at the University of Virginia, taught him the importance of education and the ability to analyze issues. His studies led him to join the Federalist Party following in line of his idol, Alexander Hamilton. Issue Four:Indian Removal Andrew Jackson’s decision to defy the Supreme Court decision to protect the Cherokee nation’s land in Georgia. witness #1: Jason B. Landowner (Pro-Jackson) As a representative to the Georgia State Legislature, Mr. Landowner supports Jackson’s position to remove the Eastern tribes from lands east of the Mississippi. As a land speculator, he has purchased the option to own several thousand acres of now Indian controlled land. His opinion of the Native Americans can be summed up by the phrase â€Å"child-like savages. † He feels that the majority of the voting population in Georgia wants to remove the Indians; he is correct in this assumption. He also feels that John Marshall’s (the Supreme Court’s) decision concerning the Cherokee nation contradicts the doctrine of states’ rights. witness #2: John Ross (Chief of the Cherokee Indians) (Anti-Jackson) He is an educated, well read individual who lives in a comfortable wood frame house. His wife is 100% Scotch-Irish and his family is bilingual speaking both English and the language of the Cherokee. His people live on lands which their ancestors have controlled for countless generations. Although the Cherokee nation remembers its roots, they have become Americanized in many ways, most notably in the area of agriculture and farming. Ross was wealthy and owned slaves. He was never allowed to vote because of his background. public gallery member #1: Chief Cayuga (Anti-Jackson) As the chief of the mid-western Indian tribe, Cayuga led his people with valor. Although the land his people lived on is not in jeopardy, he is concerned about the precedent being set against Native Americans. public gallery member #2: Marlboro â€Å"Cowboy† Lee (Pro-Jackson) Marlboro is the classic example of a â€Å"new† American. He is tough, self-made, independent, and strong spirited. He was born into poverty and turned his misfortune into motivation. While he lived on the Atlantic seaboard, he admired Georgian land before relocating to Montana. He is a cattle rancher who invested all of his savings and the rites to his future in cattle. Land is his gold. He clearly believes American land belongs to Americans and will fight to protect these interests. Issue Five:Slavery Jackson never fully supported the slave system, but he never really did anything to discontinue its growth or its importance to the economy of the South. By maintaining early policy decisions, he hoped to put this volatile issue on the â€Å"back burner† to be dealt with during an easier time. witness #1: Henry Clay (Pro-Jackson) This southerner would do anything to keep the Union from dividing. He became known as â€Å"the great compromiser† and personally was responsible for the Missouri Compromise of the 1820s. He argued that the federal government could not deny people the right to own slaves, only the states could do this. He also argued that the majority of the people supported slavery and therefore the institution should not be outlawed. witness #2: Jake Turner (Anti-Jackson) His cousin Nat Turner led a large slave uprising in 1831 in South Carolina. He was part of the rebellion and managed to escape to the North. He knew first hand the personal evils and hardships of slavery. All he wants is for the nation to live up to the ideals of the Declaration of Independence: to fulfill the goal of creating all men as equals. ublic gallery members #1: Harriet Parker (Anti-Jackson) Harriet has never met Mr. Turner or Mr. â€Å"Great Compromiser† Clay, but feels qualified to express her opinion to the court. As a former slave in the state of North Carolina, Harriet gained her freedom after the accidental death of her master and his wife. By the will of their owners, she was granted her grea test wish since her grandparents were taken from their homeland of Guinea. She prays to the Savior to make men like Andrew Jackson suffer due to their non-Christian beliefs which enslave human beings. public gallery member #3: Rhett â€Å"Tobacco† Butler (Pro-Jackson) Mr. Butler has become one of the wealthiest tobacco farmers in Georgia. He is known throughout Atlanta as the toughest and smartest business man in the South. Mr. Butler does not see how his investment in slave labor is any different than investing in one of America’s growing joint stock companies. An investment is an investment. Also, he doesn’t see what the big deal is; his slaves lead secured lives with plenty of food, shelter, and camaraderie. In his opinion, they live better than most Americans! Issue Six:Peggy Eaton Affair This incident threatened Jackson’s political future. By outwardly supporting Mrs. Eaton, Jackson ostracized the social elite and threatened the social order. His Vice President, John Calhoun, resigned from his position, in part due to this controversy. witness #1: Peggy Eaton (Pro-Jackson) A daughter of Washington tavern owner, she married the Secretary of War John Eaton. She was not allowed at many Washington social functions because of her background. witness #2: Floride Calhoun (Anti-Jackson) Floride is the wife of John C. Calhoun, Senator from South Carolina. She refused to be seen in public or private with women of low social standing. She is a southern belle and was raised in a very wealthy family. She thinks Peggy Eaton is deplorable. public gallery member #1: Katherine Baldwin (Anti-Jackson) Miss Baldwin is a member of Boston’s young social elite. She is currently taking courses appropriate for young women her age and in her position in life. After being presented at her Cotillion, this debutante became the dream of many upstanding young men in her community. She cannot believe that the President of the United States would support such an unworthy, classless woman like Peggy Eaton. She is disgusted. ublic gallery member #2: Steven J. Eaton (Pro-Jackson) The brother of John Eaton, Secretary of War in Jackson’s Cabinet, and sister-in-law to Peggy, is overwhelmed by the publicity surrounding the President and his family. He is shocked that people have reacted in the emotional fashion exhibited is certain social circles around the country. He sees Peggy as the true definition of the American dream; a r eal â€Å"rags to riches† story. Her honorable current lifestyle not only is appropriate for a politician’s wife in his opinion, but actually a role model to young women around the nation.

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Stimuli Sensitive Polymers Types and Applications The stimuli sensitive polymers have proved its applicability in forming hydro-gels [1], drug delivery[2] and target specificity[3]. Some stimuli sensitive polymers occur in nature likeeg, chitosan, cellulose, xyloglucan and many of them are routinely synthesized like, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and co-polymers of PNIPAAm[4]. Nature has designed complex structures in response to various external stimuli. For example, the nano-composite structure of collagen fibrils in sea cucumber alters stiffness of its inner dermis[5]. This alteration of connective tissue is reversible, which acts as a defense mechanism[6, 7]. Capadona etal.,synthesized a chemo-responsive polymeric nano-composite structure, which mimics the response of collagen fibrils when exposed to similar physiological conditions. This polymeric nano-composite is based on ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin copolymer on to which rigid nanofiber network of cellulose was assimilated [8]. Structure of cellulose whiskers, ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin and polyvinyl acetate matrix polymer. Cellulose whiskers was isolated from tunicate cellulose pulp by sulfuric acid hydrolysis[9].Study of nanocompositeisbased on a rubber like ethylene oxide–epichlorohydrin (1:1) copolymer (EO-EPI) into which arigid cellulose nanofiber network was assimilated [9]. Naturally derived stimuli sensitive polymers have inherent properties like biocompatibility, efficient degradation of byproducts and specific biological interactions, these polymers have limitations like limited availability, batch to batch variation resulting in composition, poor mechanical strength as compared to synthetic stimuli sensitive polymers. 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The stimuli-responsive polymer works on the principle of identification, evaluation of external signal and then by changing its structural conformation[16].These stimuli are classified as physical (temperature, light, electrical field), chemical (pH,ion, redox)[17], and biological responses.This results in change in a conformation, alteration in partition coefficient or solubility, drug release or more than one change at same time[18]. Physical responsive polymers Some polymers respond to physical stimuli like temperature, light, electrical field, magnetic field,etc.Polymers which become insoluble on heating, have lower critical solution temperature (LCST) like, PNIPAM [19], and those which become soluble on heating have upper critical solution temperature (UCST) like, poly (2-phenyl-2-oxazoline) (PPhOx) [20]. Temperature sensitive polymers Thermo-responsive polymers utilize small changein temperature to cause macroscopic alteration in polymer material [21]. Various types of thermo-responsive fluorescent polymers like a) PNIPAAmb) PNIPAAm-fluorescent labeled c)PNIPAAm-co-butyl methacrylate-fluorescent labeled, a hydrophobic co-polymer butyl methacrylate (BMA) was used to lower LCST to a precise temperature d) PNIPAAm-co-DMAPAAm-fluorescent labeled] (Figure. 2), N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide(DMAPAAm) causes increase in LCST throughhydrophilization of polymeric chain,where synthesized, which shows thermo selective cellular uptake, enables determination of normal and pathological cell[21]. Light sensitive polymers The light sensitive polymers undergo photochromism, in which, an reversible chemical transformation occurs between two isomeric forms of same structure after absorption of light[22]. Absorption of light leads to photochromism which results alteration in absorption spectra[23]. Pericyclic reaction, dissociation process, cis-trans isomerization, electron transfer(oxidation-reduction) and intramolecular hydrogen transfer or group transfer are the mechanisms involved in it[24]. A reversible contraction and expansions in shape and volumes of photochromic light crystal elastomers (LCE) in response to light stimulation.These LCE filmscontainpoly(siloxane) as main chain and cross-linkedchromo-thermicazobenzene, this film was placed on solid support, which helps maintaining temperature to 85Â °c. 1.1.2 Chemical responsive polymers Polymer which exhibits change in configuration or which responds to chemical stimuli like pH, ion and other stimuli are known as chemical responsive polymers like, poly(methylacrylate)[25]. 1.1.2.1 pH responsive polymers pH responsive polymers contain pendant reactive groups which when are cross-linked with other polymer forming hydrogel shows response to stimulus like pH [25]. In recent years, muchwork has been exploredon co-polymerization of pH and temperature sensitive monomers[17, 26]. Graft co-polymers were synthesized to show temperature and pH sensitivity. A side chain temperature sensitive polymer (Figure 4.), the amino terminal ofNIPAAm was graftedon a carboxyl group of pH sensitive backbone polymer, like poly(acetic acid) (PAAc), in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and methanol byusing coupling method[26]. Stimuli sensitive polymer-dye conjugation Dyes or indicatorsare used to sense or react to particular stimuli like pH and temperature [27]. Some indicator changes color in H+ and OH ion solution due to which they are use as pH sensitive dyes and those which changes color by deflection in temperature are use as temperature sensitive dyes [27]. A list of thermo-chromic polymer-dye conjugations are shown in table 2. The novel chromogenic polymer gel network was synthesized by mixing poly(alkoxy) derivative with bromothymol blue, which yields transparent green gel (Figure 5.), at 33Â °c, green gel turns intolight yellow gel with gradual increase in temperature[29]. In table 2, list of different chromogenic polymer gel networks arementioned.Poly(alkoxy) gel network was used to form complex with other dyes like, nitrazin yellow, where, color of gel network changes from blue to green. Similarly, for chlorophenol red, where color changes from red to yellow PVA-borax-cresol, phenol substituted dye (cresol) was conjugated with PVA-borax complex to obtain thermochromic hydrogel. Other example, PVA-borax-2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenylpyridinio)phenolate (DTPP) forms reversible thermochromic hydrogel. Such system shows color change and increase in absorption by a gradual increase of temperature. The absorption spectrum of DTPP explains dependency of absorbance on temperature causes bathochromic shift of absorption maximum [28]. InBorax-PVA-DTPP network,DTPP was embedded in PVA-borax gel matrix, boric acid is cross linked to PVA polymer that is, borate ions reacts with hydroxyl group present on PVA to form monodiol-borate complex and didiol-borate complex [30]. Another example of gel containing dye composed of two polymers (PVA and polyether) includes addition of zwitterionicsurfactant, which is a dipolar surfactant,was selected to avoid strong ionic interaction with anionic dye. This surfactant, like, sulfobetain forms aggregates above its critical micelle concentration therefore, it can influence U.V-absorption spectra of a water soluble dye like phenol red as shown in [31]. The dye can also be conjugated with dendrimer to enhance imaging applications and for metal ion probing[32]. For example, generation 5 poly(amidoamine) [G5(PAMAM)] dendrimercontaining 128 surface sites which can incorporate 0 to7 dyes like, 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimdyl ester (TAMRA), fluorescein. Acetylation yields complete conjugate of dendrimer and dye [33]. nano sized stimuli sensitive polymers have been proved to show response to external signaling [34]. pH sensitive system was prepared by the combination of two modified pH sensitive indicator dyes like, N-fluoresceinylacrylamide (FA), and N-acrylamide-NÂ ´-rhodamine B thiourea (Rh B) (Figure. 11).These two functional monomeric dyes were copolymerized with acrylamide and methylenebis(acrylamide) in w/o micro-emulsion to form dye conjugated poly(acrylamide nanoparticles [35]. Synthesis ofN-fluoresceinylacrylamide- N-acrylamide-Nˈ-rhodamine B thiourea (FA-Rh B)copolymerized nanoparticles. The two functional monomeric dyes FA and Rh Bwere co-polymerized with acrylamide and methylenebis acrylamide in w/o micro-emulsion [35]. Fluorescence emission spectra of polyacrylamide nanoparticle conjugated with fluorescein and rhodamine dye. The fluorescence emission intensity of Rh B remains unchanged with increasing pH whereas that of FA increases. An amine functionalized RAFT co-polymer poly {N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide-bN-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylate} {poly (HPMA258b-DMAPMA13)} was labeled by fluorescent dye like, 6-(fluorescein-5-carboxamido)hexanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (5-SFX) using anhydrous DMF along with triethanolamine which catalysis the reaction [36]. The primary amine of poly(HPMA258-b-DMAPMA13) is more reactive than tertiary thiol group this allows conjugation of 5-SFX with poly(HPMA258-b-DMAPMA13Â ­). ÃŽ ²-cyclodextrinis cyclic oligosaccharide [37], which has been proved for large number of applications like, increasing solubility [38], detection of compounds [39], immobilization of toxic compounds [40], drug release [41] etc. Some dyes were conjugated in complexing agent like an azo dye inside ÃŽ ²-cyclodextrincavity.Azo dye like methyl red indicator shows color change from yellow to red as pH decreases, this is because of the protonation of azo group (Figure 14.). Methyl red (MR) shows yellow color when complexes with ÃŽ ²-CD even in acidic pH 4.The complex was formed in dimethylacetoamide by using an condensing agent like, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, it becomes useful in detection of neutral species which will act as guest inside MR-ÃŽ ²-CD complex and will replace MR, which changes its color to red [42]. Role of polymer-dye conjugation in cellular uptake Cellular uptake consist of endocytosis process in which extracellular compounds are captured by plasma membrane forming vesicles. Along with endocytosis there are other methods like, receptor mediated pathway, phagocytosis and micro-pinocytosis[43]. The plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell has a barrier which allows small and uncharged molecules to pass through it[44].The nano sized polymers, despiteplasma membrane barrier, can irreversibly interact with lipid membraneby insertion of dangling side chains into the hydrophobic region of cell, which can be explained by molecular dynamics[45].Polymer like 2-methcryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was copolymerized with n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) forming poly(MPC-co-BMA)[46],thecovalentlylabeledrhodamine Btopoly(MPC-co-BMA) (rhoPMB)was synthesized using free radical polymerization method with perbutyl-ND as an initiator.RhoPMB30 was distributed inside live HepG2 cell (a human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line). Natural polymer is applicable in biomedical, environmental science and agricultural field like, hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) that can form stable nanoparticles. HGC shows prolonged blood circulation period when the particle size is controlled. It accumulates selectively inside tumor cell when administered systemically [47] and applicable in delivering various therapeutic agents like, peptides, genes and small anticancer drugs [43]. The polymer conjugate probes are applicable for penetration inside the membrane of tumor cell for treatment[48], detection[49] or diagnosis[50, 51]. Further study for the conjugation ofpolymer and pH sensitive dye to form a reusable system which will sense or exhibit color change at different pH ranges.

Canterbury Tales Essay: Importance of the Tale of Wife of Bath

Importance of the Tale of Wife of Bath Some critiques of Wife of Bath make the claim that the Tale is an anti-climax after the robust presentation of the Prologue. Certainly, the prologue of Wife of Bath is robust. With its unstoppable vitality, strong language ("queynte" etc.) and homely, vigorous vocabulary (eg. the references to "barley-brede" and mice), it is the Wife's personality -- certainly an extremely robust one -- that dominates. There is a certain brash energy to the whole of the Prologue, whether because of the forcefulness with which the Wife presents her arguments against the antifeminists (eg. her comments about clerks being unable to do "Venus werkes" and taking it out on "sely wyf[s]" in print), or because of her histrionic presentation of the methods with which she amply gave her husbands the "wo that is in mariage". The Wife, as speaker of her Prologue, has an earthy, homely vigour that pervades the whole of the Prologue; as such, it would certainly be fitting to apply the epithet "robust" to the Prolo gue. [good paragraph] In contrast, the Tale (or the Wife as speaker of the Tale) is arguably lacking in a similiar robust vitality. Its very opening, with its Arthurian/fairy-tale references, sets the general tone -- quasi-courtly, learned, fantasy rather than the earthy reality presented with such subversive attractiveness in the Prologue by the Wife (eg. "dronken as a mous", "goon a-caterwawed"). Elegant and learned -- even a little pedantic ("redeth eek Senek, and redeth eek Boece" as well as the references to Dante) -- there is, comparatively, a lack of the energy that galvanised the Prologue. Moreover, given what the rea... ... As such, it would not be totally accurate to speak of the Tale as being an anticlimax. While its seeming "gentillesse" may be found somewhat colorless after the Prologue, it nevertheless reinforces the Wife's ideas of female "maistrie", and certainly this is obvious by the end; also, the ending arguably serves as a climax, summarizing many of the Wife's themes (that women should have the "maistrie", that she wants a constant supply of young virile husbands, that marriage can be happy if a husband first resigns authority to his wife (cf. her ending the Prologue with the kindness she showed to Jankin and their ostensible happiness)). Therefore, even if the Tale does not work up inexorably to a climax as the Prologue per se does, it would be unfair to claim that it has no climax, or that it is an anticlimax.

Determining the of the Effect of the Concentration of Na2S2O3 on the Rate of Reaction Essay

In this experiment we reacted different concentrations of Na2S2O3 (aq) with a constant volume of HCl, and measured the time it took for the X drawn under the beaker in black marker to disappear. Uncertainty Details: 1. The uncertainty in the volume of Na2S2O3 (aq) and H2O (l) is given by manufacturer of the burettes. As we find the change in the volume in the burette, the uncertainties are added, and the uncertainty in the volume is  ±0.1cm ³ 2. The uncertainty in the HCl is given by the manufacturer of the measuring cylinder. 3. The uncertainty in the time is a rough estimate calculated by me trying to perfectly stop the stopwatch at 5 seconds three times in a row, and in all cases it was about 0.4 seconds reaction time. 4. The uncertainty in Total Volume of Na2S2O3 (aq) and H2O is found by adding the uncertainty in the volume of H2O and the uncertainty in the volume of Na2S2O3. Observations: 1. We stirred all solutions. 2. There is a small delay between when we started the stop watch and poured the HCl, as it is impossible to perfectly coordinate this. 3. Bad smell released. 4. The stirring speed was not the same for each reaction, though it was attempted to be replicated equally for each reaction. 5. The uncertainty given by the last figure on the stop watch was very inaccurate to use, therefore we calculated the reaction time instead to give a more true uncertainty. However this value has a range, so it is not necessarily accurate. Calculations To calculate the concentration of the Na2S2O3 in each trial, we use the equation: . As for both trials the volumes are all identical, we can simply calculate the concentrations for the first trial, and use them for the second. For the first solution, we apply the equation, and thus we do: (10.0cm ³/50.0cm ³)*0.2 à ¯ 0.04M. As for the uncertainty here, we must add the fractional uncertainty in the volume of sodium sulfate and total volume, and then multiply it by the concentration. The uncertainty in the initial concentration is unknown, so we do not use any value for it. So (0.1/10.0)+(0.2/50.0) = 0.014. 0.014*0.04 = 0.00056 à ¯ 0.0006. This can be repeated for all the other concentrations, and is shown in the following table: Concentration of Na2S2O3 (aq) (M) Uncertainty in Concentration (M) Time for Trial 1 ( ±0.4)(s) Time for Trial 2 ( ±0.4)(s) 0.0400 0.0006 125.2 133.2 0.0800 0.0007 61.4 65.1 0.1200 0.0009 40.0 36.7 0.160 0.001 29.1 29.8 0.2 Unavailable (0) 24.1 23.4 As in the last concentration no water is added, the whole solution has the same concentration as the initial concentration, so the uncertainty is unknown. Now as the volumes for both trials were identical, we can find an average of the times for both trials. To do this we add the 2 values and divide by 2. For the first one this would be (125.2+133.2)/2 = 129.2s. The uncertainty here would not be affected so it is still  ±0.4 for all times. Now that we have these results, we can find the order of the reaction with respect to Na2S2O3. Now as we know that in order for the x beneath the beaker to not be visible, a certain amount of the product must be produced, we assume the same amount of the products is produced in each solution. This then allows us to assume the same amount of the reactants is used up for the x to be formed in all experiments, so even though we do not know the change in concentration of each reaction, we know that it is about the same. Therefore if we plot 1/time against concentration, we should be able to see the relation between the concentration and the rate, even though we do not have the correct rate. Concentration of Na2S2O3 (aq) (M) Uncertainty in Concentration (M) 1/time (Rate) (mol dm-3 s-1) Uncertainty in Rate (mol dm-3 s-1) Now we can plot this: – As we can see in this graph, it is linear, and Rate is proportional to 1/time. This means that the order of the reaction with relation to Na2S2O3 is 1. Also as the gradient of the line is 0.2166, this tells us that in the rate equation K = 0.2166mol-1dm3s-1. So the rate equation is: Rate = 0.2166[Na2S2O3][HCl]y. However we do not know the order of HCl as we did not vary the volume of HCl. Conclusion To conclude, we have calculated the order of the reaction with respect to Na2S2O3 to be 1. This was efficiently experimentally calculated as shown by the graph above. The graph is very fitting, and there are no anomalous points on it. As the R ² value is so close to 1, we can see that our line fits very well, and that the results are quite precise. Also as we can see from the graph, while the y intercept is supposed to be 0, it is 0.0009. This is due to systematic error. While this is not 0 like would be ideally, this is not a problem as it is a very small number, and rather insignificant as it would be nearly impossible to have absolutely no systematic error. This error could have been caused by multiple things, though there were no factors that particularly affected the results significantly. The result is extremely accurate, as we were told by our teacher the expected order was 1. Evaluation Improvements Even though the x disappeared, this does not mean the same amount of precipitate was formed. As the x disappearing is a very unreliable method as the amount of precipitate formed could be more or less in each trial, even if the x disappears. This means we have to make the assumption that the same amount of precipitate was formed so that the same number of moles are used up, allowing us to find the rate and order. This added to our systematic error, thus less to slightly less accurate results as some points may have taken more or less time than needed. Also one of the most error causing points for sure in this experiment is deciding when the x had disappeared, as I recall countless times in which it had looked like it had disappeared, however it was not completely. However, I did attempt to stop the stop watch at the same point for each one to make it a fair test. As it was unclear at times whether or not the x had disappeared, this would have led to an increase in rate in some trials, and a decrease in rate in others, so the overall effect is unknown. The x drawn could have been drawn bigger and with thicker ink allowing it to stand out much more. This would have meant that as it was easier to see, once it had disappeared completely I would easily be able to tell that it had disappeared as it stands out more. Alternatively, a light meter could have been used, which detects the levels of light[1]. A light source can be place above the beaker, such as a simple lamp. Once enough precipitate has formed, the light meter should detect no light. The data can either be measured using a data logger, which would be started when the reaction was started, and automatically stopped by the light meter, or simply using a stop watch however starting and stopping the time according to the light meter. The temperature in this experiment was not maintained. Though the reactions all took place in the same room within a 1 hour range, the temperature may have varied in that time, so the rates could have gone up or down depending on the temperature of the room, which could have slightly affected our results. This would have also contributed to the systematic error in the experiment. Furthermore, the temperature during each trial may have also not remained constant, which could have led to slightly different calculated rates. The temperature could have been monitored during each trial so we can see when the rate could have been affected by a rise/fall in temperature. Also if the room was air-conditioned at a constant temperature, this would have meant the room temperature would stay the same (assuming no windows/doors are opened in the time). The uncertainty in the stop watch was much smaller than the actual uncertainty, so I attempted to find my reaction time, which was 0.4. However, when conducting the experiment it is impossible to tell if every time my reaction time was that, as it may have been more or less. This may have increased or decreased the uncertainty here. I could have taken a larger range of samples for my reaction time to get a more accurate value. As I poured the HCl and started the stop watch at the same time, this meant there was a small delay between when I poured the HCl in and when the stop watch was started. This means that the time was a little bit less than it had to be, once again adding to the slight systematic error. I could have gotten a fellow class mate to press the stop watch as soon as I poured the HCl in, so that there was a much small delay, and more precise results, as well as a smaller systematic error.

AEGD SOP. Dental implant Essays

AEGD SOP. Dental implant Essays AEGD SOP. Dental implant Essay AEGD SOP. Dental implant Essay ?An attempt to decrypt the inner workings of dentistry, the development of oral health every research project Ive worked on in my undergraduate years has got me excited about the vast potential opportunity trapped in Dental Sciences. But every one of these times, Ive faced a formidable challenge: the intricacy and complexity of dentistry itself. The chaos of molecular motion forms the basis for a remarkably well-organized biological system, whose actual mechanisms are only now being highlighted through better instruments. From the few glimpses we’ve had, I believe that one of the biggest changes to be ever witnessed by humanity is just beyond the horizon, beginning of Dentistry . I began my undergraduate education at Dharamsinh Desai University with the firm belief that Dental Sciences with a strong focus . My first practical experience was in summer 2008 with participation in the dental health camps organized by the faculty at my University. Our efforts were towards the community for the improvement of dental health amongst the local populace. Acknowledging the hazardous effects of smoking and chewing tobacco with the aim of persuading patients to maintain their oral hygiene was my principal crusade. I had the opportunity to participate and contribute during the seminars on â€Å"Temporomandibular joint disorders†, â€Å"Oral health and cardiovascular diseases†, â€Å"Periodontal flap surgery† and â€Å"Oral microbial flora†. Also I had the privilege of assisting the faculty during the surgical procedures of disimpaction, cyst enucelation, periodontal flap surgery, vestibuloplasty and reduction of fractures. The rotating internship provided me a chance to get acquainted with and sharpen my clinical dentistry skills during my postings in different departments. As a dental student, I was also nominated for a Teaching Assistant role for freshman and sophomore undergraduates. Through my limited teaching experiences, I realized that I do enjoy both the sharing and learning that happens through teaching. While my most memorable experiences and greatest achievements have been outside the classroom in research settings, I have also maintained a balance of strong academic record in high school and in college as well  After my graduation, I worked at a private dental clinic to keep myself abreast with the latest trends in clinical dentistry. Here in I acquired the skills of endodontic rotary systems, flexible dentures and rubber based impression materials. However I realized the need for further education for successful management of a dental office driving me to make up my mind to learn administrative skills and the basics of health care systems After considering factors such as wanting a degree from an American university in the field of my interest and a successful career . Since the United States has one of the most effective health care systems in the world I decided to pursue a career in one of the sciences that deals mainly and precisely with what I am interested. I researched different universities in the U. S. , and found that many schools offer the program that I am looking for. Since I have already graduated with a Bachelor’s in Dental Science in India, I have a good understanding of this field. To have a glimpse of dentistry in the United States, I spent substantial time actively acquiring valuable clinical experience at a dental office under the tutelage of Dr. Falguni Patel. The high standards of treatment protocols and the use of advanced technologies which I came across made me realize that I still have to learn much more and it fuelled my aspiration to apply for the program designed for foreign graduate dentists. Looking forward in the future I would love to have my own dental practice and continue the noble work. But prior to that I would prefer to work as an associate dentist with the veterans in the field and acquire valuable clinical acumen. The well qualified faculty at Boston university College of Dental Medicine will provide me with a golden prospect to study a multi-faceted curriculum. The collaboration with other disciplines at the Boston University Medical Center will bestow me with a comprehensive knowledge and will expand my horizons for the total health care management of the patients. The excellent research opportunities at your university will add a new dimension to my vocation since I never garnered an opportunity to come across it during my dental schooling in India I feel that I should be accepted into this program because I am dedicated and diligent. Like most people, I have strengths and weaknesses. My academic strengths are my aptitude for the sciences. Although I have applied myself to all areas of my studies, my weaknesses exist in some courses are thus reflected in my GPA. Also, being a dentist in India and practicing for over a year as a Dental Surgeon in India has helped me grow a lot. I gained immense self-confidence, and time management skills too. It is not easy for a student from Nadiad, India to be accepted to a reputable university in the US, and I do not take my admission or my studies at this school for granted. My dedication and diligence in the past are the reasons why I am here today and if I am accepted into the Advance education in General Dentistry program, I promise not to take that opportunity for granted either. I have always believed that I can achieve anything; I simply had to find the means for which to make it happen. I thank you in anticipation for considering my application at your prestigious institute. I would be glad to provide any additional information that you might require at any time.

Tips for Finding and Producing Trend Stories

Tips for Finding and Producing Trend Stories Trend stories used to be a subsection of journalism reserved for light features, like new fashions or a television show thats attracting an unexpected audience. But not all trends are pop culture-oriented and depending on where youre reporting, trends in your town may vary wildly from a city in another state or country. Theres definitely a different approach to writing a story about teenagers sexting than there would be for a story about a hot new video game. But both of those could be considered trend stories. So how do you find a trend story, and how do you tweak your approach to suit the subject matter? Here are a few tips for finding and reporting on trends. Know Your Reporting Beat The more you cover a beat, whether its a geographic beat (such as covering a local community) or a topical one (like education or transportation), the more easily youll be able to spot trends. A few that might pop up on the education beat: Are there a lot of teachers retiring early? Are more students driving to school than in years past? Sometimes you’ll be able to spot these trends just by being observant and having well-developed sources, such as parents in the school district or teachers. Check Public Records Sometimes a trend won’t be easy to spot, and you may need more than anecdotal information to establish what the story is. There are many sources of public information, such as police reports, and reports from government agencies that may help illustrate a trend that hasn’t been fully established yet.   For instance, on the police beat, you may notice a lot of drug arrests or vehicle thefts in a given neighborhood. Could this indicate a larger crime wave or a problem with drugs flowing into the area? If you’re going to use data from public records in your reporting (and you absolutely should), you’ll have to know how to file a public records request. Also referred to as an FOIA (Freedom Of Information Act) request, this is a formal request of a public agency to make available public information. Sometimes agencies will push back against such requests, but if it’s public information, they have to provide a legal reason for not providing the information, usually within a given time frame. Keep Your Eyes Open for Trends Trend stories don’t just come from a reporting beat or public records. You may notice a trend just in your everyday activities, whether it’s at the diner where you get your coffee, the barbershop or hair salon, or even the library. College campuses are a great place to observe trends, especially in clothing and music. It’s good to keep an eye on social media, although any trends you notice there probably will be noticed by hundreds of other people as well. The object is to track down whatever it is thats generating a buzz at the moment before it becomes old news. Know Your Readership or Audience As with any journalism, it’s important to know your audience. If you’re writing for a newspaper in a suburb and your readership is mostly older people and families with children, what are they not going to be aware of and what do they need to know about? It’s up to you to figure out which trends are going to be of interest to your readers and which ones they may already be aware of. Make Sure Your Trend Is Really a Trend Journalists are sometimes derided for writing stories about trends that arent really trends. So make sure whatever youre writing about is real and not the figment of someones imagination or something only a handful of people are doing. Don’t just jump on a story; do the reporting to verify that what you’re writing about really has some validity.